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If so, rather than moderate alcohol consumption being directly involved in the attenuation of mortality risk, it may simply represent a lifestyle exposure specific to healthier people.
Brine shrimp coexposed to benzene and functionalized nanoparticles showed no attenuation of mortality, even at the highest concentration (∼51% at 1000 mg/L).
The deletion of the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, calA/cnaA [ 41, 42] and crzA [ 43, 44] in A. fumigatus, led to significant defects in conidial germination, polarized hypha growth, cell wall structure, and attenuation of mortality rate in a neutropenic murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
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The results of this multi-country investigation provide evidence of an attenuation of the mortality impact associated with heat in the majority of countries included in the analysis, with significant reductions estimated in Japan, Spain, and the USA; a nonsignificant decrease in Canada; uncertain and nonsignificant changes in Australia and South Korea; and little evidence of any change in the UK.
To the extent that systemic inflammation is driven by inflammation in the lung, and such lung inflammation is involved in stimulation of irritant receptors, and hence the parasympathetic responses, it is possible that the adaptation seen in previous studies of inflammatory changes could result in an attenuation of the mortality risk over the ozone season.
This is consistent with previous studies that reported greater attenuation of SES/education-mortality associations in men after adjustments for health behaviours [ 13] and risk factors including behaviours [ 9].
Adjusting the effect of social caste on mortality with household income and asset ownership independently also resulted in the attenuation of caste effect on mortality except in Scheduled Castes (Table S2).
The attenuation of risk of all-cause mortality and fatal CHD by physical activity as well as the increased risk of all-cause mortality for women recording the least activity raises questions about the biological mechanism underlying these relationships.
Again, adjustment for confounding factors led to attenuation of the association with CVD mortality for the risk indices.
Although the potential joint or independent epigenetic role of the various loci remains to be clarified, these findings, as well as the disappearance or attenuation of association between smoking and mortality outcomes after adjustment for methylation at these CpGs in the present study, suggest that multiple DNA methylation sites are involved in mediating smoking-related adverse effects.
On the other hand, an investigation that analyzed the information obtained in 97 prospective studies found an association between increased mortality and levels of fasting glucose and a substantial attenuation of the association between diabetes and mortality when adjusted for fasting glucose and markers of glycemia (6).
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