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The cardiac phantom studies performed with attenuating medium and background activity showed that the half-scan time images processed with WBR had better contrast recovery and background uniformity than did the full-scan time FBP reconstruction.
Because all experiments with warm background involved phantoms with uniform distribution of attenuating medium, the quantification accuracy of both scatter correction methods was very similar for all three segmentation approaches.
Inside attenuating medium, the increased attenuating effect outweighed the fan beam increased counting efficiency.
A full-wave equation that describes nonlinear propagation in a heterogeneous attenuating medium is solved numerically with finite differences in the time domain (FDTD).
The study includes a case where the spatial distribution of the attenuation coefficient is nonuniform, as well as a case where the photon path length in the attenuating medium is variable as a function of direction.
While APDI performed better in challenging situations involving non-uniform attenuating medium, for scans of phantoms with uniform density, the performance of both scatter correction methods was very similar, indicating that much faster TEW method can be sufficient when scanning body areas with relatively uniform tissue distributions.
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By changing the amount of attenuation surrounding the line source, the sensitivity can be extrapolated to zero attenuated medium for each position and the average sensitivity for each system can be calculated.
Streaming is visible as the layered appearance of highly attenuating contrast medium and blood in the vasculature due to the lack of optimal mixing.
There are, however, two exceptions: the human skeleton and the brain, because bone tissue is a strongly attenuating and defocusing medium, rendering classical pulse-echo imaging methods inappropriate.
The activity was defined as 1 MBq, and simulated projections were calculated for each position with the sphere both in a non-attenuating medium, subsequently called 'air', and in a cylindrical water phantom (21.4 cm in the axial direction, 11.0 cm radius) with a density of 1 g/cm3.
Passage 4 cells showed a gradual reduction in DNA content in growth medium, which was attenuated in chondrogenic medium.
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