αERKO mice displayed modestly attenuated behavioral responses to novelty and cocaine compared to αWT littermates, but no behavioral differences were found between βERKO and βWT mice.
These fish have recently been found to have superiority in learning the T-maze paradigm, where the choice of arms is reinforced by food administration, and found to show attenuated behavioral responses to amphetamine [26].
Various forms of maternal contacts, such as skin-to-skin contact [3], [8], [70], olfactory cues [14] and suckling [72], [76], [77] can attenuate behavioral (distress calls and grimacing) and physiological (heart rate) responses to aversive procedures.
The phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine attenuates behavioral sensitization to cocaine.
Reducing STEP levels significantly attenuates behavioral and cognitive deficits in each of these disorders.
We demonstrated that PBM significantly attenuated behavioral deficits and infarct volume induced by PT stroke.
Behavioral experiments showed that U0126 0.5 2.55 nmol), a MAP kinase-ERK inhibitor, dose-dependently attenuated the behavioral response to i.t.
Habituation, as a method to reduce reactive behaviour to novel stimuli also has its limitations in that some individual horses do not attenuate their behavioral response to repeated exposure of the stimuli, although this can be managed through the use of systematic desensitisation [ 71].
Therefore, while attenuated HPA axis and behavioral responses to stress may well reflect the proposed contrasting role of CRFR2 under basal and stressed conditions (49,50), they may also represent maladaptation of the stress response, akin to that observed in illnesses such as atypical depression and posttraumatic stress disorder.
For example, microinjection of OXT into the dorsal hippocampus has been shown to attenuate stress-induced neuroendocrine and behavioral responses in rats13.
