Children in institutions are deprived of the individual attention and stimulation they would normally receive in a family setting.
Those correlations were then transformed into Fisher's Z scores for inter-individual analysis, which we restricted to attention and stimulation representative bands (beta1 and theta), or to a combination of bands.
The presence of skilled personnel and a large number of volunteers working at the institutions might have afforded these children greater attention and stimulation.
An approach that has attracted considerable attention is stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, with the intention of increasing mitochondrial function simply by having a greater mitochondrial mass.
Participants performed a 2-back working memory task controlled for attention, visual stimulation, and motor response by a 0-back task.
Young children grow and learn the most when they receive affection, attention and stimulation in addition to good nutrition and proper health care.
An estimated 168 million children under five in the developing world are stunted or too short for their age, a consequence of not getting enough food, of living in an unhealthy environment, and of a lack of health care, attention and stimulation in early childhood.
Again, the exact processes involved are not well known, but here also social stimulations may enhance attention and arousal, as well as motivation.
Such behaviors may lead to functional isolation, which is hypothesized to decrease exploration of the environment and may make children less likely to seek and/or receive attention and nurturing stimulation, such as developmentally facilitating care from their caregivers (teachers/parents) through responsiveness and verbal stimulation (Lozoff 1998; Walter 1989).
For some attention/surround effect comparisons, the strength of attentional modulation was correlated with the strength of surround modulation, suggesting that attention and surround/mask stimulation (i.e. normalization) might use a common mechanism.
Fourth, it is important to emphasize that the stimulated α-generator was localized in a higher-order area of the attention network, whose stimulation by TMS did not evoke any visual light sensation (phosphene), to rule out potential visual entrainment through a TMS-induced, flickering visual percept (e.g., [ 28]).
