The skills level of the workforce and the educational attainment of school-leavers, although they have improved lately, are well below national levels.
We calculate a multinomial logistic regression model for the influences on the attainment of school-leaving qualifications.
In general, the economic literature on immigrant educational attainment focuses on post-migration schooling, pre-migration schooling and total attainment of schooling which equals the sum of pre- and post- migration schooling.
For this reason, our models related to the attainment of school-leaving certificates and to the transition from school into vocational education and training incorporate sufficient indicators related to the relevant institutional capital in each case.
We operationalized educational attainment through the following four categories: 1) attainment of high school diplomas, 2) completion of post-secondary bachelor degrees, 3) fulfillment of post-baccalaureate advanced degrees, and 4) high school dropout rate.
The multivariable log-binomial regression showed that participants who were older (RR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.13; per 10-year increase in age), non-white (1.26; 95% CI: 1.08, 1.47), and having a highest education attainment of high school degree or less (RR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.43) were more likely to choose the paper SAQ over the ACASI version of the survey (Table 2).
Attainment of secondary school levels of education, and all categories of monthly income showed statistically significant relationships with HIV infection (P=0.018 and P<0.05, respectively) after analysis using a logistic regression model.
There were about equivalent proportion of female and male respondent, 82.1% were married, 61.5% of the respondents have educational attainment of primary school completed or less, and 25.7% were residing in urban area.> The socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the study population by the number of NCDs are also presented in Table 1.
The outcome variable was also dichotomous, indicating whether the target respondent continued smoking after marriage or quit smoking during marital life (Table 1).> Educational attainment of high school graduation or lower was coded as 0 and that of college graduation or higher as 1.
Sex, age (65-69, 75-79, 75-79, 80-84 and >84 years old), marital status (currently married, widowed, divorced, never married, and other), and educational attainment (years of school education received (<6, 6-9, 10-12, >12 years, and other)) were used as individual-level socio-demographic covariates.
