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Age, educational attainment, equivalent income, and densities of dentists and population in municipalities were used as covariates.
Data on socio-demographics (sex, age, marital status, educational attainment, equivalent income) were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire.
Data on socio-demographics (sex, age, educational attainment, equivalent income) were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire and used as covariates.
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Adjusted for individual-level age, educational attainment and equivalent income, and municipality-level densities of dentists and population.
High educational attainment, high equivalent income, low number of teeth, present illness, and high population density were significantly associated with denture/bridge use in males (p < 0.05).
Distributions of the subjects in accordance with the longest job, age, educational attainment and equivalent income are shown in Table 1.
The longest job held was significantly associated with oral health status and oral health behavior in older Japanese people even after adjusting for individual-level age, educational attainment and equivalent income, and municipality-level densities of dentists and population.
In model 1, socio-demographics (age, marital status, educational attainment, and equivalent income), health status (number of teeth and present illness) and municipality-level characteristics (number of dentists working in hospitals or clinics per 100,000 people and population density) were added.
Inclusion of advanced qualifications other than A levels may have modestly addressed the missingness but also potentially added a degree of complexity and possible confounding; it is uncertain to what extent other tests of educational attainment are equivalent to each other (e.g. Scottish Highers vs A levels).
Whether people actually are less averse to QALY attainments than equivalent QALY shortfalls over a lifetime remains unclear.
Low academic attainment (excluding resits) equivalent to ABB or below at A level or equivalent.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com