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The Swedish Education Register provides information on highest attained educational level (years of education) for virtually all Swedish residents.
For the daughters, attained educational level was classified as intermediate (senior general secondary education or pre-university education) or low (other).
Education was categorised according to the highest attained educational level as 'Basic' (basic school/high school education: 7 12 years of first-time, secondary and grammar-school education), 'Secondary' (vocational education, 10 12 years of education) and 'Higher' (a university degree or an examination in another higher institution requiring on average a total of 13 years or more).
The educational level was operationalized into three major groups according to the highest attained educational level: university/college; higher secondary and lower secondary education for the father.
As a potential confounder we included the highest attained educational level of the father or the mother (whoever attained the higher education) as a proxy measure for the socio-economic status of the family.
Furthermore, patients' highest attained educational level, based on the Danish Educational Nomenclatura with 13 educational groups, is applied as ranking variable as well, since this measure is frequently used in public health literature due to its simplicity and universality [19].
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The cultural reproduction pattern refers to the fact that children whose parents have a higher education background have the advantage of attaining educational opportunity (Li 2006).
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Although they are 7 13 years younger than white males, second-generation Haitians, Caribbean-Spanish, and Other immigrants are within one-half- to three-fourths-year of attaining educational parity with white males.
Homemaker's excess risk of reporting poor health at age 54 remained strong and significant even after adjusting for role quality and socioeconomic indicators, and childless women were at an increased risk of reporting poor health despite the social advantage inherent in attaining educational qualifications and occupying professional or managerial occupations.
Glaucoma awareness was positively associated with attaining educational level of high school or better (p < 0.0001 (Table 3).
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