Mr. Trabelsi was arrested two days after the Sept. 11 attacks on charges of involvement in organized crime and illegal possession of firearms.
Similarly, German officials fear that they may be unable to convict any members of the Hamburg cell that is believed to have helped plan the September 11th attacks, on charges connected to the plot, in part because the U.S. government refuses to produce bin al-Shibh and Mohammed as witnesses.
This attack on card charges is being made on two fronts.
Mr. Iqbal, a Muslim and a Pakistani citizen, was arrested soon after the attacks on immigration charges.
Government officials have since dropped that assertion, and prosecutors have argued that Mr. Moussaoui should be executed because he hid what he knew about plots to fly airplanes into buildings when he was arrested, before the attacks, on immigration charges in Minnesota, where he was learning to fly jetliners.
Mr. Yassky endured many attacks that night, on charges of immodesty and carpetbagging, along with questions about his true position on the death penalty.
The student, Ali Saleh Kahlah al-Marri, 37, had been held in civilian custody since late 2001, first as a material witness in connection with the Sept. 11 attacks and later on charges of lying to the F.B.I. and credit card fraud.
When news stories appeared detailing similarities in the two books, Jerry Seinfeld launched a "malicious, premeditated, and knowingly false and defamatory attack" on Lapine, the complaint charges.
Meanwhile, the writer Michel Houellebecq (whose new novel was featured in the issue of Charlie Hebdo that came out just before the attack) was brought up on charges, but acquitted, for having said in an interview that Islam "is the stupidest religion".
The police said that they believed Mr. Byas was a drifter with no fixed address and that he received a summons 20 minutes before the attack on a trespassing charge in a nearby park.
