Sentence examples for attachment to substrates from inspiring English sources

Furthermore, L. enzymogenes produces type IV pili (T4P), which are critical to twitching motility (movement on solid surfaces) and attachment to substrates such as fungal hyphae (Kobayashi et al. 2005; Patel et al. 2011, 2013).

However, we are unable to rule out other flagellum-dependent mechanisms that may protect P. aeruginosa from SP-A-mediated membrane permeabilization, including swimming chemotaxis and swarming motility [31], and initiation of biofilm formation through attachment to substrates [32].

For example, we excluded nesting materials, nest attachment to substrates and nest location.

Recent studies have shown that parasite-dependent polarization of actin-based structures such as lamellipodia and podosomes are critical for both attachment to substrates and motility (Baumgartner, 2011).

This revealed a trend towards words (sediment, biofilm, soil, terrestrial) indicating association with or attachment to substrates, and away from those indicating free-living, extremophilic and host-associated environments.

They resemble ubiquitin, as for all Ubls whose covalent attachment to other biomolecules has been experimentally demonstrated, the C-terminal residue is a glycine, and the carboxyl group of this glycine is the site of attachment to substrates [ 16].

Proteins and cells tend to lose their normal functions upon attachment to substrate.

After attachment to substrate, cells were treated with CHX and construct levels were estimated by Western blot.

Flagellum-mediate attachment to substrate is the first step in the initiation of biofilm formation [32], a mode of growth which is known to contribute to the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents [34], [35].

The spreading was simulated by assigning specific connection nodes for radial displacement and attachment to substrate to form FAs. The traction force on each FA was estimated by summarizing the force carried in sounding cytoskeletal elements.

Cell attachment to substrate is characterized by the formation of focal adhesions consisting of clusters of membrane-spanning integrins and intracellular molecules such as paxillin, FAK, talin and vinculin.