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Thus, this sigma1-based chimeric attachment molecule provides a promising new platform for the generation of truly targeted AdV's.
The chimeric attachment molecule was efficiently incorporated onto AdV capsids, allowed efficient propagation of AdV without requirement for complementing fiber and conferred highly specific tropism to the AdV.
ICAM-1 is also an attachment molecule for the major serotypes of human rhinovirus (HRV) that are responsible for localizing the virus near the cellular membrane and triggering conformational changes in the viral capsid that initiate uncoating and epithelial cell invasion [87].
Ileal lesions in CD patients are colonized by pathogenic AIEC bacteria owing to the increased expression of a specific bacterial attachment molecule, CEACAM6, at the brush border of the ileal epithelium [ 78].
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Thus, overproduction of viral attachment molecules and its resulting modulation of viral receptors may contribute to control the natural infection course of various viruses.
Recently, the TIM and TAM receptors were identified as new DENV cellular attachment molecules [ 60].
Glycosylation is known to modulate virus entry in specific virus-cell combinations and many viruses use glycans or cell-surface glycoproteins as attachment molecules [ 32, 42, 58].
Fourth, cell cell attachment molecules may be lost through proteolytic cleavage, thereby releasing cells for migration [ 55- 57] or mesenchymal transition [ 57].
The growing body of knowledge about the biology of the virus tends to favor the approach of targeting the viral determinants of the entry process, instead of trying to block all possible cellular receptors and attachment molecules.
Although its role as a mast-cell adhesion molecule for attachment to fibroblast cells has been clearly elucidated [ 41], little is known about its function during ES cell differentiation.
Whereas β2 integrins are essential for firm binding and attachment, other adhesion molecules are needed to initiate contact between neutrophils and endothelial cells, leading to "rolling" on the endothelial cell lining.
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