On masks representing the human head, a swelling at the top indicates the brow, while the eyes, nose, mouth, and chin are indicated with paint or attached elements.
Open image in new window Fig. 4 The values of each node calculated regarding all attached elements, their volumes and node values.
It is shown that dramatic changes in the natural frequencies and mode shapes occur for certain values of the parameters of the attached elements.
We describe an improved version of COPS, a CCD based Optical Position Sensor, which can measure or monitor positions of attached elements with accuracies better than 0.05 mm at distances of tens of meters.
When a location design variable of a certain component is perturbed, attached finite elements to the component boundary are assumed to undertake only a shift of material properties while the finite element mesh itself remains geometrically unchanged.
The attached piezoelectric element is often used to suppress bending vibration passively or actively.
Because the attached piezoelectric element and host structure in this region behave as springs in parallel to the bending deformation, the stored strain energy in the piezoelectric element is maximized under the condition that their spring constants match.
"FITB rules state that a safety helmet should not have any additionally attached aerodynamic elements or adhesive tape (except that used to fix the visor and the goggle strap) and has to be without any spoilers or edges that stick out," said a spokesman.
The United States team subsequently lodged a protest against the design of Williams's helmet, which features a spoiler on the back which, the US team claimed, breached an article of the federation's rule-book which deems that a helmet has to be without any additionally attached aerodynamic elements.
