Two sets of zinc fingers are attached to a protein that cuts the DNA in between the two sites matched by the fingers.
Because these vaccines do not work in young children, scientists developed meningococcal conjugate vaccines, in which the polysaccharide is attached to a protein to which the developing immune system can respond, resulting in the generation of antibodies against the polysaccharide.
The most popular spin label is a nitroxide-based radical which can be attached to a protein via a site-specific reaction with either native cysteines or cysteines engineered into the system via site-directed mutagenesis.
Epitope tagging is a procedure whereby a short amino acid sequence recognized by a preexisting antibody is attached to a protein under study to allow its recognition by the antibody in a variety of in vitro or in vivo settings.
Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification in which single or multiple ubiquitin molecules are attached to a protein.
The investigation of this mechanism is of importance since it is well known that changes in the structures of glycans attached to a protein occur depending on the status of a cell and that such changes are also related to certain diseases [22].
Proteoglycans are composed of positively charged polysaccharide chains attached to a protein backbone.
Unlike other GAG, HA is not covalently attached to a protein core, but it may form aggregates with proteoglycans.
Small molecules cannot themselves elicit an immune response, and need to be covalently attached to a protein or peptide to enable recognition by the immune system.
With the exception of hyaluronic acid, GAGs are usually covalently attached to a protein core, forming an overall structure referred to as proteoglycans [ 10].
