Sentence examples for atoms to migrate from inspiring English sources

Physicists have coaxed ultracold atoms to migrate along the outside of a wire by sending a current through it, opening a new way to move such atoms around.

This dramatically increased surface energy would lower the energy barrier for the atoms to migrate or escape thus causing intrinsic structure instability in the nanowire.

We therefore attempted to solve this problem by increasing the nucleation temperature at a fixed nucleation density, owing to the improved ability of atoms to migrate at high temperatures.

So, in this work, comparing with Fig. 1a, a higher current density in Fig. 1b would result in a higher beam energy deposition rate and thus cause more pronounced structural instabilities for the atoms to migrate or escape more easily.

b When the surface at the rim is below the horizontal plane, the surface energy minimization drives Si atoms at the surrounding area to migrate inwards, the strain energy relaxation drives the Si atoms to migrate outwards.

Thus, the mode of atom thermal vibrations would be softened or the atom vibrations would lose stability, which can further suppress the energy barrier for the atoms to migrate or escape and finally make the structure changes kinetically possible.

This indicates that at high Cu concentration the incorporated Cu atoms prefer to migrate upward toward the surface of the thin film during growth.

During the calcination at lower temperature, the palladium atoms tend to migrate to the surface of the alloy nanoparticles because palladium and nickel exhibit a strong trend toward segregation due to the large segregation energy difference between them [18].

Similar to the initial nucleation of AlN [30], the Zn atoms prefer to migrate to special step edges of the substrate, followed by combination with O2 to form ZnO at the edges, even though O2 is not activated by plasma, thus forming the ridge-like morphology.

The pressure difference between two grains at their boundary therefore causes atoms to preferentially migrate from smaller to larger grains.

At high TCu condition, only part of the incoming Cu atoms will be incorporated as a substitutional dopant in the ZnTe lattice, the remaining Cu atoms would prefer to migrate upward toward the surface during the growth.