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Two fuel injectors have been compared to assess the influence of atomization efficiency.
All nozzles configurations have presented high atomization efficiency, yielding relatively small characteristics diameters (SMD and MMD) and narrow spray cone angles, favoring its application in compact combustion systems.
In experiments on 316L stainless steel, the atomization efficiency of the HPGA nozzle with C D jets was higher than that of the HPGA nozzle with cylindrical jets, reflecting a lower gas/metal mass flow ratio.
A Plackett Burman experimental design has been used as a strategy for evaluation of the effects of several parameters affecting the vapor generation efficiency from solid particles, vapor trapping and atomization efficiency from Ir-treated graphite tubes.
Development of HPGA nozzles with discrete jets resembling convergent divergent (C D) rocket nozzle designs, instead of the previous cylindrical jets, was conducted to increase atomization efficiency and uniformity and to reduce the required gas supply pressures.
This suggests that the HG setup and both atomizers perform well, which has never been reported with AFS instruments due to either different atomization efficiency of arsines and/or different generation efficiency from HCl medium.
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The equal sensitivities for all As species observed with both the FIGS or with the MDF atomizers suggest equal generation and atomization efficiencies for all arsines.
Moreover, it was demonstrated that cocrystal particle properties can be adjusted, in situ, by varying atomization and cooling efficiency, in order to produce particles more suited for incorporation in final dosage forms such as tablets.
Both effects contribute to differences in the mass load of the plasma and give rise to matrix effects, since the vaporization, atomization, and ionization efficiencies of the analytes introduced into the plasma depend on the mass load [ 16].
Increasing temperature causes the fuel to flow more easily, being favorable to fuel injection efficiency and atomization.
First, the key physical and chemical fuel properties that affect fuel injection, atomization, ignition, combustion, engine efficiency and emissions were discussed in detail.
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