Solar radiation that reach the ground is influenced by clouds, atmosphere (including basic atmospheric composition, aerosols, and water vapor), and changes in solar radiation.
Others are as broad as the atmosphere, including treaties that ban ozone-destroying chemicals.
The fires release several types of particles and gases into the atmosphere, including smog-forming carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide.
Linda Church, a longtime television meteorologist in Manhattan, said, "Models of the atmosphere include wind speed, humidity, and temperature of the atmosphere at different heights".
Extreme events include not only high temperatures, but also indirect effects of a warming atmosphere including the impact of higher temperature on extreme rainfall and droughts.
It has long been known that particles in the atmosphere, including pollutants, encourage the formation of water droplets and hence rainfall.
But media industry and store executives say all the stores still try to maintain "a family-friendly atmosphere," including keeping violence and obscenity off the shelves.
Many contributors were driven away by the fractious atmosphere (including Mr Sanger, who went on to pen essays predicting Wikipedia's vulnerability to abuse).
But starting in 1996, the report also included sections on emissions that affect the global atmosphere, including chemicals that damage the ozone layer and carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
In recent days, there has been an increasing level of apparent animus between the government and the defense, but today the hostile atmosphere included Judge Melinda Harmon of Federal District Court, who is hearing the case.
