To overcome rapid sedimentation of the dust grains in the rarefied gas atmosphere, experiments were conducted in a long-duration microgravity environment.
"Both the Americans and Soviets took the V2s to bits to decipher their workings," says Millard. "The Soviets completely recreated a V2 and the Americans took them over to America to launch and carry out some of the first upper atmosphere experiments".
No practical demonstration has yet been made of whether OAM information can be extracted from upper atmosphere experiments, but there are some theoretical indications that this can be the case, for example in "plasma vortices" formed as a result of ionospheric modification experiments (Leyser et al. 2009, see "Ionospheric modelling").
Brazilian scientists, in conjunction with American and European colleagues, are engaged in what is known as the "Large-Scale Bio-Atmosphere Experiment in the Amazon," or L.B.A.
To confirm the general pattern of our results, we also analyzed 3-year data sets released by the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment (LBA) in Amazônia [45].
The CRyogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment measured atmospheric limb infrared emissions in the altitude regime from the upper troposphere to the lower thermosphere during two Shuttle missions in November 1994 and August 1997.
Atmosphere aloft experiment results show that the humidity sensor which is described in the paper has good response time and desirable repeatability.
In this paper, we present a case study based on CFC-11 measurements of the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment in November 1994.
The models were run using Landsat imagery collected during the Soil Moisture Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX) in 2002 and model results were compared with observations from a network of flux towers deployed within the study area.
The Uv Light Transmission and Reflection in the Atmosphere (ULTRA) experiment has been designed to provide quantitative measurements of the backscattered Cherenkov signal associated to the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) at the impact point on the Earth surface.
The Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) experiment aboard the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS) was successfully flown on the Space Shuttle missions STS66 (November 94) and STS85 (August 97).
