The phrase "atmosphere consists of" is correct and usable in written English.
You can use it when describing the components or elements that make up the atmosphere, typically in a scientific or educational context.
Example: "The atmosphere consists of various gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide."
Alternatives: "the atmosphere is made up of" or "the atmosphere is composed of".
Jupiter's atmosphere consists of about 12 jet streams alternately blowing east and west, producing its stripes.
By examining the spectrum of an exoplanet, it should be possible to work out if it has an atmosphere and, if so, what that atmosphere consists of.
Of course, all these restaurants are a far shout from the more typical neighborhood joint, where atmosphere consists of menus under glass tabletops and much of the business is delivery.
And thanks to probes that have actually visited the planet, astronomers have a pretty good idea of what the Cytherean atmosphere consists of (carbon dioxide, mostly, and lots of it, which accounts for the planet's hellish surface conditions).
Hence the atmosphere consists of 1/5 of active air (a gas able to combine readily with substances) and 4/5 inactive air (a gas difficult to combine)." When I contemplate this in my schoolgirl handwriting, I see again the apparatus — bell jar, phosphorous, crucible lid, the trough, the water.
In a realistic molding environment, the atmosphere consists of steadily purged nitrogen and residual oxygen.
Corona, outermost region of the Sun's atmosphere, consisting of plasma (hot ionized gas).
Titan appears to have an atmosphere consisting of a mixture of methane and hydrogen, and might even have oceans full of liquid methane.
The regeneration atmosphere consisted of O2, H2O, SO2 and N2 in varying proportions.
In this method, a polished Ag925 coupon was exposed to a controlled gaseous atmosphere consisting of synthetic air, 90% RH, 500 ppb H2S and 500 ppb SO2.
CO2 and O2 were not detectable at the low pressure, suggesting that most of the 1.5 kPa atmosphere consisted of water vapor.
