If it were populated at the same density as Manhattan, New York might be home to a million more people.
Hanford and Long first set up a virtual "box" filled with about 10 million carbon dioxide molecules floating about randomly, at the same density as the Martian atmosphere.
As control experiments, adult rat lung fibroblasts (RLFs; Cell Applications Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) were seeded in place of rat BMSC at the same density.
The strength of this competition was, however, similar to that elicited by T. tinca at the same density, but at lower biomass, suggesting density was the important determinant of inter-specific competition strength and was independent of species.
As previously reported, the detected phased loci were present on all 12 chromosomes but not at the same density, and were organized in clusters or super-clusters, such as on chromosome 12 (Additional file 7).
Using the slope S1 of the Arrhenius-type plot of ln[T dT/dt)(dρ/dT)] against 1/T at the same density, the Q is expressed as mathrm{Q} = hbox {mathrm{RS}}_1 (2).
Using the slope S 1 of the Arrhenius-type plot of ln[T dT/dt)(dρ/dT)] against 1/T at the same density, the Q is expressed as Q = hbox R{S}_1 (7).
As a control, AECs were cultured on a collagen type I gel without first seeding BMSCs for 21 days using the same media or with initial seeding adult RLFs at the same density as rat BMSCs.
Larvae of both species were reared at the same density and under the same food conditions outdoors in single-species and mixed-species populations (species ratio 1 1) in transparent cups that floated in small and large semi-natural pools, which experienced different diurnal variations in water temperature.
The results indicate that various gradational parameters, such as mean grain size, coefficient of uniformity and fines content influence the shear strength, the amount of volumetric dilatancy, and the rate of dilatancy of simulant specimens in different levels when they were compared at the same density or void ratio.
For proliferation assay, cells were seeded at the same density (2.5×104 cells/ml) and counted at the indicated times.
