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Items with small but systematic DIF may very often go statistically unnoticed, but when combined at the bundle level, DIF may be detected (Roznowski and Reith 1999; Takala and Kaftandjieva 2000).
In the CBBA, each agent has a list of tasks potentially assigned to it, but the auction process is done at the task level rather than at the bundle level as previous algorithms had done.
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In this paper, the ANDSF server is implemented at the OpenDaylight bundle level, which configures the OFSs to establish appropriate data routing paths.
The conditional branching between different learning resources within a topic is sensitive to the scores while tracking student knowledge at the KC level and governs what learning resources are presented at the local bundle level (as opposed to a more global level).
At the fiber-bundle level, however, we observed significantly increased stiffness (∼45%) in multifidus compared to longissimus and iliocostalis muscles.
SIBTEST was conducted with 45 dichotomous-scored items at the both item and bundle level.
Third, SIBTEST can be used to explore differential functioning at the item and bundle levels.
SIBTEST is a nonparametric method which enables DIF to be tested both at item and item bundle levels [ 40].
Results were plotted on a graph of 'bundle cost' against 'bundle effectiveness', and the maximum cost at which the bundle remained cost-effective was identified for each level of effectiveness.
The minimum level of effectiveness at which the bundle would remain cost-effective assuming negligible implementation costs ($1) is given in Table 3.
Consumer Reports, in its February issue, looked at the bundling issue.
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