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And the stakes are too high: while student scores on national assessments across demographic groups have risen, the percentage of students at proficiency — just 39 percent of fourth graders in math and 33 percent in reading — is still disturbingly low.
The 1995 study, in the Journal of Forensic Sciences, looked at proficiency tests labs take to see whether their work is sound.
Why rest at proficiency?
While the percentage of New York City middle school students scoring at proficiency level (Level 3 and 4) dropped for all grades and all groups, it was much steeper for students from minority and poorer families.
According to Families for Excellent Schools, the city's top 50 elementary schools spent $18,000 per pupil in 2014, while the bottom 50 spent $30,072 per pupil, yielding just seven percent of students at proficiency in reading and math.
Similar(52)
Using a longitudinal design, we compared rhythmic patterns at different ages in L1 acquisition and at different proficiency levels in L2 acquisition.
While the majority of functions were observed at a range of levels, some mainly appeared at higher proficiency levels.
The rookie Kenyon Martin guarded Webber most of the night and was amazed at his proficiency.
The curriculum offers instruction of modern standard Chinese language, or Mandarin, at different proficiency levels.
She broadly backs Ingram's assertions: "You should never only look at language proficiency when admitting a student.
Extrapolating from those results, he said, black and white students would probably be performing at equal proficiency levels by 2034.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com