The permanent deformation, after unloading the specimen, results from plastic deformation and was estimated as the irrecoverable displacement from the start of the tests at the minimal force of 160 N, considered as nearly zero force.
At the same time, the adhesive easily lifts off with minimal force and no residue.
The question in the case is whether minimal force, as in a purse snatching, is enough.
Noam Lubell, a professor of international law at the University of Essex, said human rights law required a graduated approach to the use of force - starting with no force, on to minimal force, and reaching lethal force only in the context of imminent threats to life.
In a longtime strategy, China never tried to compete with the United States and Russia in the nuclear arms race, instead maintaining a minimal force, estimated at perhaps 18 intercontinental missiles.
This is the optimum point of any energy absorber, at which most energy is absorbed per unit volume at minimal reaction force per unit area.
Upon sensing a nonzero force, the controller positions the actuator at the location where the force was first sensed, exerting minimal force on the environment.
Permanent plastic deformation (Fig. 7) was estimated here as the irrecoverable displacement with a minimal force of 160 N, considered as nearly zero force, at the start of the tests.
"They used minimal force," the captain said.
A minimal force would reflect the Afghans' traditional aversion to foreign troops.
They are also sometimes called less than lethal, less lethal, controlled force, soft kill, mission kill, and minimal force.
