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The differences between groups in their scores on the LATCon were assessed either at scale or at items level by means of ANOVA and MANOVA, respectively.
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Content validity index was calculated at item level as well as scale level.
Detecting DIF to compare test delivery strategies (PBA vs. CBA) at item level (H2).
The SPQ factor structure at item level has been rarely replicated and no study had tested a bifactor model of the SPQ so far.
In addition to these model tests, the detecting of DIF (Holland and Wainer 1993) was of importance, allowing for comparison of the two test formats at item level.
However, when managing a large number of items, it is not feasible to optimize networks at item level, due to the effort required for tuning the parameters during the training stage.
Another key finding of our comparative study, at item level, is important from an instructive viewpoint: (domain) specific items are easier to solve in CBA than in PBA, whereas more general items are answered correctly more frequently in the latter.
A detailed analysis was performed at item level to filter out items that are systematically easier (or more difficult) in either CBA or PBA, and thus have a DIF-Effect.
At item level, 3 items out of 9 showed misfit to the Rasch model.
Response frequency distributions were examined to detect floor or ceiling effects at item level.
Prevalence rates at item level were available from the general population in Norway [ 30].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com