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Of the 17, 8 and 6 were sacrificed at instars 5 and 6, respectively.
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Specimens of P. fimbriata become mature at instar 7, 8 or 9.
In addition, two males at instar 7, and one female at instar 8 were included in the study.
Treatment with Bt affected the growth of the larvae at all instars (from the first to the fifth one).
As such, it would be interesting to examine the effects of α'/β' ablation on adult memory of larvae trained at late instars.
Lower larval density at later instars was noted in another tortoise beetle species (Costa et al. 2007).
Heat shock at 42°C for 3 hours resulted in high larval mortality rate, especially if the heat shock was carried out at the early larval stage (Table 2, controls, Total mortality/larvae, started at 2nd instar vs. 4th instar), whereas at 37°C we did not observe significant mortalities in either wild type or F0.
We found that adults that developed from larvae trained at fifth instar recalled their larval experience, whereas those that were trained at third instar did not.
The initial effect of hAtx1-82Q was detected at 3rd instar larvae (L3) in gcm-Gal4 driver (Fig. 4A) and at early pupa with repo-Gal4 driver (Fig. 4A).
Overall, we found two instars at 14 sites and three instars at 10 sites within the same calendar year.
We induced somatic mosaicism at first instar larvae.
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