Sentence examples for at initial cycle from inspiring English sources

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis in different states of charge (SOC) at initial cycle together with a long term galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling tests allowed determining the influence of carbon coating origin on the electrochemical behaviour of C/Sn nanocomposites.

The results from both in operando observation and electrochemical characterizations collectively indicate that the greater thickness variation at initial cycle should be attributed to both anion intercalation into graphite-based cathodes and irreversible decomposition of chemical components in the DIB system.

During dealloying, peaks associated with bulk dissolution and deposition of Cu and dissolution and re-deposition of Cu from the alloyed PtCu nanoparticles were observed at initial cycles along with peaks associated with creation of new Pt sites.

At the initial cycle at 0.5 C current, the composite achieves a discharge capacity of 1016 mAh g−1.

With the dispersion of small amount of Pd to mesoporous b-MnO2, it was found that the Li-air cell showed a reasonably large discharge capacity of 487 mAh g−1 at 0.13 mA cm−2 at the initial cycle.

Furthermore, this composite exhibits a discharge capacity of 926 mAh g−1 at the initial cycle and 615 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 1C rate, revealing an extremely low capacity decay rate (0.48‰ per cycle).

The cell capacities and the availabilities of the active materials obtained at the initial cycle were held even after 300 cycles.

Assuming a complete reaction to the final product, Li2S, the utilization of the electrochemically active sulfur is about 85% at the initial cycle.

With the optimum concentration of each carbonate, 1 wt.% Li2CO3, 5 wt.% Na2CO3, and 1 wt.% K2CO3, the irreversible reaction at the initial cycle was suppressed by the pretreatment which was capable of modifying the solid electrolyte interphase formed on the graphite electrode surface.

Thus, the coulombic efficiency at the initial cycle is 239.4%, much larger than 100%, which is due to the decomposition of interstitial water and low content of Na ion [37].

One can see that at the initial cycle, there is a pronounced reduction process, which could be due to the reduction of ZnO into Zn, the formation of Li-Zn alloy, and the formation of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer.