Exact(1)
Looking at infestation rates by population type, we discovered a small difference between WT (34% infested) and TPS10 plants (39% infested) which masked a much larger effect: WT plants in WT + TPS10 mixed populations (55% infested) had an infestation rate more than twice that of WT plants in monocultures (19% infested, corrected p = 0.015, Figure 10B).
Similar(59)
The combined release of both biotypes could probably provide the best long-term control for new tansy ragwort infestations east of the Cascades and for existing infestations in habitats with climatic conditions intermediate of those found in Italy and Switzerland, or at infestations at which previously either biotype failed to establish (for example, in eastern Oregon).
All tansy ragwort plants used for rearing and experiments were grown from seeds collected at an infestation at Meadow Creek in Benewah County, Idaho (47°02′N, 116°44′W).
All tansy ragwort plants used for rearing and experiments were grown under standard conditions in a greenhouse from seeds collected at an infestation at Meadow Creek in Benewah County, Idaho (47°02′N, 116°44′W).
Assuming that our findings are representative of these bird populations and at observed infestation and infection rates, ≈15 million infested birds would disseminate 40 million ticks, of which 5.6 million would be infected with LB group spirochetes.
Our study demonstrated the importance of entomophilous species that flowered at peak infestation of crop herbivores.
This is because the microscopic eggs need to be deliberately sought and the characteristic webbing, clearly visible in abundance at later infestation stages, may not yet be established.
The brown planthopper (BPH; Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) Family: Delphacidae) is a pest of rice in Asia that reduces rice yields at high infestation levels (15).
Data was collected on number of eggs at 15 days after infestation at which point initial insect parents were removed and on the number of adults emerging before 50 or up to 70 days after infestation.
Further analysis showed that in the resistant rice variety RHT, 28 TF genes were specifically up-regulated and 39 genes were specifically down-regulated at 8 h after BPH infestation; at 24 h after BPH infestation, 31 genes were specifically up-regulated and 20 genes were specifically down-regulated.
In the first trial, SPLAT-GBM applied twice at 1.3 or 2.5 kg/ha caused a significant reduction in grape berry moth infestation at harvest on clusters at the border of the vineyards where infestation is highest, compared with the no-pheromone control, but three applications at 2.5 kg/ha did not result in lower infestation compared with both the control and other treatments.
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