The XEI software for the analyses of the AFM images allow to obtain the distribution of the grains radii, R, and of the grains areas S by a procedure consisting in the definition of each grain area by the surface image sectioning of a plane that was positioned at the half grain height.
AZO, Al-doped ZnO; BZO, B-doped ZnO; CL, critical layer; dc, direct current; FWHM, full width at half maximum; GB, grain boundary; GIXRD, grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction; GZO, Ga-doped ZnO; IP, ion plating; MS, magnetron sputtering; NIR, near-infrared; PLD, pulsed laser deposition; RF, radio frequency; RSM, reciprocal space maps; VIS, visible; XRD, x-ray diffraction.
For example, in the USA and Canada, the recommendation is that 'all adults eat at least half their grains as whole grains – at least 3 to 5 servings of whole grains per day', building on the previous recommendation to consume three 'ounce-equivalents' of breads, rolls, cereals or other grain foods made with 100%% whole grains, or six 'ounce-equivalents' made with a mix of whole and refined grains.
Says Motschwiller, "It is recommended (per dietary guidelines) to make at least half the grains you consume whole grains".
Figure 4 also illustrates the peak width (full width at half maximum, FWHM) and thus grain size calculated using Scherrer equation given below [31].
Using the Scherrer formula with deal consideration to the FWHM (full width at half maximum) of peaks, the average grain size of sphalerite ZnS is estimated to be around 10 nm.
At least half of grains should be whole, milk must be nonfat or 1 percent, and only nonfat milk can be flavored.
The heart of the dispute is that by underwriting its largest farmers, the United States is flooding the world market with inexpensive corn, wheat, rice and soybeans, which are sold at half what it costs to produce the grain.
These large-scale PbSe grains probably dominate the full width at half maximum value of the XRD peak, resulting in no obvious relation between the optical absorption shift and the PbSe grain size.
The mean grain size estimated from the full width at half maximum of the TiN (111) diffraction peak was close to 10 nm.
