In order to prevent the expected height values from taking on the value "zero" when the dbh is very small, Lappi added a small constant λ to the dbh, where dbh + λ can be interpreted as the diameter at ground height.
Be careful of things like vertical recovery, using her forward arial attack at ground height, and timing her Toad special wrong.
Hypotheses of various browsing behaviors (selective and nonselective browsing at ground-height, mid-height, or in the upper canopy) were examined using snout shape (square vs. round) and dental microwear.
Note that ( {I}_{00}^R ) represents the conjugate point for ( {I}_{00}^L )at the minimum ground height; however, it can be any point between ( {I}_{00}^R ) and ( {I}_{01}^R ).
Mean scratch breadth is lower in taxa browsing at or near ground height, as a function of mean particle size and the ratio of soil particles to phytoliths [72], [92].
Twigs were sampled from randomly selected seven olive trees of each cultivar, from which asymptomatic and OK-symptomatic (with 3 4 knots) twigs were collected from two cardinal orientations (north and south), at 1.5 2 m above ground height.
For a selected point in the left image, p, the corresponding control point in the right image for pat the maximum ground height, h_max, is q1, and q2 is the corresponding control point for p at the minimum ground height, h_min.
The plan was to measure diameter at breast height, diameter at ground level, tree height and survival annually from age 7 to 14 (1974–1980), followed by every 3 years up to the age of 19 years, and afterwards every 5 years up to rotation age of 30 years.
Although this scheme is established based on wind profile records at a reference station equipped with both an anemometer at a near-ground height and a Doppler radar profiler system, it can be used for the standardization of surface winds not only at the reference station but also at other surrounding stations with only surface observation instruments.
The fence height was 5 ft. Some vendors offer 7 ft fencing which is likely to be more effective at excluding deer by al-lowing for a lower apron at ground level and taller height, but with added costs of labor to install.
Number of families in each population and breeding generation are given in parenthesis D root collar diameter at ground line (mm), H height (cm), VOL volume (dm3), SUR survival, A n net photosynthesis (umol CO2 m−2 s−1), E transpiration (mmol H2O m−2 s−1), g s stomatal conductance (mmol H2O m−2 s−1), WUEi intrinsic water use efficiency (μmol CO2 mmol H2O−1), Ψ pd predawn water potential (MPa).
