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The price of the bespoke 'smart' glass can be between five and six times that of a normal piece of glass but ends up at equal cost or with a 1% premium in a fully finished building, according to Mulpuri, an engineer by background who grew up in India.
They do so by choosing, at equal cost, the success probability of their R&D approach, where a lower probability accompanies higher value in case of success that is, a more radical innovation.
Although every H2O molecule is identical, volumes of water aren't delivered at equal cost.
As genotyping costs continue to decline, selection intensity for genomic prediction could be increased compared to phenotypic selection at equal cost.
Similar(8)
In Ref., it can be clearly seen that the simple hybrid algorithm (GA plus EM) outperforms the classic EM algorithm in terms of a higher log-likelihood result and moreover a faster convergence at equal computational costs.
A criterion that specifies that a technology or measure delivers a good or service at equal or lower cost than current practice, or the least-cost alternative for the achievement of a given target.
Even now, under the critical area designation, state law permits limits on pumping only if an alternative source of water is made available to the current users at equal or lower cost.
Most importantly, states must demonstrate that their reforms will cover the same number of people at equal or lower cost than through Medicaid expansion and the health insurance exchanges.
Its purpose will be to demonstrate (a) whether population-wide implementation produces interim surrogate outcome measures (e.g. reduction in risk score or short-term incidence) comparable to those tested in trials such as the DPP at equal or lower costs, and (b) to make such studies of population-wide interventions comparable across context populations.
When comparing the additional effect of providing two samples per screening round to the effect of providing one-sample FIT more frequently (ie, with a larger age range and/or shorter interval), the latter provided more LYG at equal or less costs than the two-sample FIT strategies.
In addition, using process variant 4 as master process has cost disadvantages at equal demand effects (Table 3).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com