This study aims to characterize the aging viscoelastic property of asphalt mixtures such as dynamic modulus at different aging times and pavement depths, then develops two aging shift functions to account for the effects of long-term aging and non-uniform field aging in the pavement depth.
The dynamic modulus master curves of the asphalt mixtures at different aging times and pavement depths are constructed using the modified Christensen-Anderson-Marasteanu (CAM) model.
Generalized fractional Maxwell model is applied to simulate the creep and the relaxation behavior of PEEK and PPS measured at different aging stages and different temperatures.
In order to update the model parameter automatically at different aging stages, a multi-step model parameter identification method based on the lexicographic optimization is especially designed for the electric vehicle operating conditions.
Secondly, based on the established linear relationship between ohmic internal resistance and capacity fade, both ohmic internal resistances at the start and the end of the battery's lifetime are estimated by only two random discharge cycles at different aging stages.
In the time domain scaled by the relaxation time τ, all the creep or relaxation curves measured at different aging times and temperatures superpose automatically, which means the time aging time superposition and the time temperature superposition present themselves.
