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Input from sensors will be used by heating and cooling systems, i.e., the actuators, to take the necessary actions to maintain the temperature at a specified level.
Most of the related statistical techniques have been developed to accommodate inferential families in which all hypotheses are either one- or two-sided such that the familywise error rate is controlled at a specified level.
The stopping rule, which is usually pre-specified, for all the three automated model selection procedures is based on significance at a specified level.
Goddard and Smith define access to health care as "the ability to secure a specified range of services at a specified level of quality, subject to a specified maximum level of personal inconvenience and costs, whilst in the possession of a specified level of information" [ 6].
To protect themselves, lenders often include in the loan agreement stipulations that the borrowing company maintain its current liquidity ratio at a specified level, limit its acquisitions of fixed assets, keep its debt ratio below a stated amount, and in general follow policies that are acceptable to the lending institution.
Regulating to achieve a purported beneficial response would require standards to be set at a specified level rather than below an exposure level.
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For any variable not included by the FP method, the existence of a threshold effect (in which expression at or above a specified level predicts outcome) was checked by a minimum P-value method (Clark et al, 1993).
Results are also obtained for the probability of crossing a specified level at least once, the mean rate of occurrence of peaks, and the mean trough-to-peak height.
According to the logic of null hypothesis testing, a small P-value allows us to reject the null hypothesis at some specified "level of significance" [ 47, 57, 64, 65, 74- 76].
The microbial pan-genome, as defined by [ 2], is the number of essentially different genes found within a population at a specified taxonomic level, usually within a species, though this can be extended to higher levels, such as genus.
Our computer simulations of the method (see below and Results) indicated that relative fragment yield at a specified methylation level, as well as predicted intensity ratios for a pair of samples having different set methylation levels, vary with the GC content of the clones on the array.
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