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Lower current efficiency was obtained at a lower solution temperature, lower pH-value of the solution showed a higher Vickers hardness, and a preferred orientation of the (211) plane.
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Then u ¯ is an upper solution of (1) at λ and α = 0 is a lower solution.
Due to the thermoresponsive behavior of the attached PNIPAM moieties, the RGO-g-CD/Fc-PNIPAM exhibited reversible dispersibility in aqueous solution at a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 28 °C and thus could potentially be developed into thermoresponsive nanodevices.
Finally, the left-handed helical filaments were crystallized at a lower pH solution [22], and it was suggested, therefore, that this conformation might be an artifact of this particular crystallization condition.
Generally, in the lower and upper solution method, to show the existence of a solution of a problem, we need the existence of at least one lower solution and at least one upper solution.
The potential for pit initiation tends to be higher at lower solution temperatures and/or at higher pH's [Cl−], anodic charging rate, solution temperature and pH influence pit initiation by affecting the efficiency of oxide repair at local breakdown sites in the passive oxide film.
However, ZnO takes part in photocorrosion under UV radiation at lower solution pH (approximately 6.0).
This data shows that reaction rates for tobermorite growth are considerably faster at lower solution volumes.
At lower solution concentrations, effect of absorption driving potential (xeq − xl) is dominant than that of surface tension, due to this bubble diameter increases.
Sensitivity is also better at lower solution uptake rates (5 μL/min) by factors ranging from 2 (82Se) to 7 (59comparedared to the direct injection high efficiency nebulizer.
Nonetheless, both adsorbents ZEO-T and STOX-Z share the same adsorption capacity trend at lower solution concentrations up to about 400 mg/l.
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