The third, the actuator, lower level of control is based on a biomechanical model of the neuromusculo-skeletal system at a single joint level.
In a typical JCP model, all of uncertain constraints required being satisfied at a joint probability level, which increases robustness in controlling overall system risk during the optimization process.
Furthermore, at the joint level a significant association of US abnormalities and the development of arthritis in that joint was found.
At large joint level, a relatively lower intra-articular PD signal can be found because a lower frequency must be used to investigate deeper structure with consequent reduction of the PD sensitivity (Fig. 2a, b).
The serum CRP level was similar and correlated to the SF CRP level, suggesting that elevated SF CRP is mainly caused by a systemic response rather than a local response at the joint level, because many inflammatory molecules show higher SF levels than serum levels.
However, our results at the joint level, showed a low-grade, limited, and transient inflammatory response demonstrated by mild intra-articular PD signal plus an inflammatory range of SF leukocyte cell counts.
When ultrasound findings were assessed at a 40-joint level, the maximum grade obtained from multiple synovial sites (for example, radiocarpal joint, extensor carpi ulnaris) within a joint unit was assigned to the joint (for example, wrist).
The rabbit knee model of MSU crystal-induced arthritis serves as an ideal temporal, spatial, and multimodal platform for further study of the inflammatory process and for detecting structural changes at the joint level during an acute episode of gouty arthritis.
At joint level, a significant association was found between US abnormalities and arthritis development in that joint for joint effusion, synovitis and PD.
