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Discover LudwigExact(8)
Summative statement "The probability of H, given the evidence, is x%" "If its contrary were true, then the chances of H (or a more extreme statement of H) would be less than x%" Primary difficulty New information must compete with old, making the process of discovery more conservative and necessarily cumulative The assumption of no difference is always false.
The significance of the pair-wise FST values were estimated by permutation analyses using 10,000 permutations with an assumption of no difference between the populations.
Pairwise comparisons FST and ΦST values were estimated by permutation analyses using 1,000 permutations with an assumption of no difference between populations.
Sample size calculations were based on a one-sided α=0.025, 80% power and an assumption of no difference between treatment groups.
The main disadvantage of ANCOVA is the underlying assumption of no difference across groups or treatment arms in terms of the covariate used in the analysis and the homogeneity of regression slopes.
No substantial differences in the available comorbidity level were found between the two groups of patients, which is why the assumption of no difference between patients with missing charts and those with charts was not disproved.
It is unknown in which direction any longer term difference would be and we therefore made the assumption of no difference in resource use between arms after the initial three month period.
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More importantly, the use of SUV relies on the assumption of no differences in radioligand delivery to the brain between groups.
It should be noted that this conclusion rests on the assumption of no systematic differences in the transmission characteristics of the different viruses.
The multi-stage model parameters obtained from the analysis of the cohort data show significant differences from the parameters obtained from analyses of cross-sectional mortality data under the assumption of no cohort differences in age-specific stomach cancer death rates.
This is an effective way to assess whether the underlying 'parallel trends' assumption of difference-in-difference methods holds in our data.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com