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Heterogeneity and similarity problems are directly related to the assumption of error terms in model.
IIA property is generated from IID assumption of error term (The error term satisfies independent and identical type I extreme value distribution).
This complexity of adequately quantifying uncertainty is the result of the number of equations involved, the various sources of uncertainty (e.g. measurement vs. model error), and the questionable assumption of error independence among the equations.
Furthermore, while ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions are based on the hypothesis that financial access variables and error terms are normally distributed, such an assumption of error terms that are normally distributed does not hold with quantile regressions.
However, it may be expected that the PROC GLM procedure still produces valid results when the assumption of error normality is mildly violated [ 15].
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fading channel under the assumption of error-free decision feedback (ideal DFE).
Note that in contrast to the channel codes, the network code combines the information bits of A and B. Distributed coding scheme relies on the assumption of error-free decoding at the relay.
Since signaling is stronger protected than data, by means of lower coding rates and/or lower-order modulations, the assumption of error-free signaling is in fact quite realistic.
Under the normality assumption of errors, the least-squares estimates equal the maximum likelihood estimates.
The asymptotic distribution of these tests has only been studied under the restrictive assumption of errors with known scale or symmetric distribution.
Furthermore, Hardebeck (2015) argued that the assumption of errors in focal mechanisms in the simulation by Smith and Heaton (2011) was inadequate.
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