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To avoid those scenarios, they err on the side of assuming a response.
Assuming a response rate to antidepressants of 70%, 294 subjects for each treatment group are needed to show a 10% difference between two antidepressant drugs and more than 1,300 to assess equivalence at a 5% level of δ, the maximum difference acceptable as equivalence of effect.
This sample size was chosen prospectively assuming a response rate of 70% to allow confidence intervals of less than 5% either side of estimated headache prevalence.
Assuming 80% statistical power, a one-sided α level of 2.5%, and adopting an unequal 2∶1 randomisation ratio, 1,500 patients (1000 DHA-PQP, 500 AL) were needed to show that the difference of the day 28 PCR-corrected cure rates between DHA-PQP and AL was within −5%, assuming a response rate for AL of at least 92%.
Assuming a response rate of 60%, implies recruiting 67 women in each cluster.
Assuming a response of 30%, we randomly selected 320 girls from each list of unvaccinated girls.
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Assume a response variable y and a set of independent variables (x_i) such that (y = f (x_1, x_2, ldots, x_n)) where f represents the systematic information that the variables (x_i) provide about y [23].
We therefore assumed a response rate to MIS SIJ fusion of 82% (range 77%–87%, Table 1).
The 'null' hypothesis assumed a response probability of 1% (spontaneous remission), whereas the target response rate was 15%.
In both cases, sample sizes took into account the different sampling methods and assumed a response rate of 80%.
The corresponding non-inferiority margin was set at 12% and assumed a response rate of 65% in the rituximab arm.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com