Cytosolic calcium binding to the IP3-IP3R complex was assumed to initially open the IP3-IP3R challowinglowing calcium transport from the ER to the cytosol.
In addition to the fluid flow through the annulus and drill pipe, the upper ends of drill pipe and annular space are assumed to be opened to the atmosphere, creating two free surfaces.
During periods in which the windows were open, 40% of the total window area was assumed to be open.
Reoperations were assumed to be open procedures, with variable hourly cost assumed to be identical to the mean for patients who initially underwent open surgery.
An illustrative case study reveals clearly the existence of higher order harmonics originating from the crack-breathing phenomenon which are absent if the crack is assumed to remain open throughout.
A special case of practical importance of a two-crack rotor is one when one of the cracks is assumed to remain open always whereas the other can breathe like a fatigue crack.
Calculation was performed for an electrode size of 0.2 × 1 m2, with the edges of the electrodes assumed to be open.
where C* is the dimensional oxygen concentration, C 0 ∗ is the upper-surface oxygen concentration (the upper surface is assumed to be open to atmosphere), and C min ∗ is the minimum oxygen concentration that microorganisms need to be active.
It is well established that for a proper Gâteaux-differentiable (on its effective domain, assumed to be open and convex) function (f:Erightarrow -infty,+infty]) of a topological vErightarrow -inftysi-convexity7 is equivalent to the proposition [given (u,vin X=operatorname{dom}(f)), (langlenabla f(u),v-urangle>0Longrightarrow f(u)leq f(v))] - see, e.g., Proposition 4.12 in [26].
Fo is the fluorescence level when all antenna pigment complexes associated with the photosystem are assumed to be open (dark adapted).
