The parameters of the model are unknown and disturbance inputs are assumed to be present.
A moving biofilm is assumed to be present on the surface of the solid particle.
Local thermodynamic equilibrium was assumed to be present throughout the material.
All Ca and Mg in the carapace were assumed to be present in the form of high‑magnesium calcite (HMC).
Two binary associates, Bi2Se3 and ZnSe, are assumed to be present in Bi Se and Zn Se melts respectively.
FSI effects are assumed to be present mainly at the valve which is fixed with a spring dash-pot attachment.
Two kinds of mobile charged species are assumed to be present inside the film, the "electronic" and "ionic" ones.
As unit-to-unit variability, the lowest in hierarchy, is always assumed to be present, it is usually termed as the "random error".
Assay sensitivity has often not been documented or has been assumed to be present if a placebo control group had significant pain during the observation period.
Cancer stem cells are assumed to be present in esophageal cancer, but experimental methods for identification and culture of these cells have not yet been established.
The results of model simulations21 (Supplementary Fig. 4a) demonstrate that gas observations (in the N2–He–CO2 gas system) can only be quantitatively reproduced if open-system decompression is assumed to be present.
