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Geomagnetic field lines in the polar caps are assumed open, while other geomagnetic field lines are closed.
Our present work continues earlier papers on simultaneous diagonalization of vector fields, for the special case when Ω is also assumed open.
All calculations were temperature corrected and assumed open to the atmosphere with a PCO2 at sea level of 10-3.50 atm.
a – Calculated from the chemical equilibrium modeling software MINEQL+ Ver. 4.5 (27), temperature corrected and assumed open to the atmosphere with a PCO2 at sea level of 10-3.50 atm. a Data transformation was determined by a Box Cox plot analysis – fresh weight data were transformed by square root and NE dry weight by log base 10. b Model reduction by backward elimination.
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In contrast, when assuming open conditions for all trees, to test for effects of clearing vegetation around oaks in closed conditions, the metapopulations increased comparatively fast.
It is well known that subspace identification methods that assume open loop data without correlations between the input and noise, may give biased estimates when applied to closed loop data.
The second requirement for a particular vehicle to not overlap with itself in a binary image assumes Open image in new window (8 what means that Δt should be as large as possible and this contradicts to the previous requirement.
Temporal estimates of the effective population size (Ne) based on historical and contemporary samples, assuming open populations and a generation length (T) of 2 years.
We first used the likelihood based method (MLNE) from Wang and Whitlock [ 69] to estimate Ne assuming closed populations (no migration), but then we also estimated Ne assuming open populations (migration allowed).
However, because the exchange of migrants among rivers was not known, we estimated the effective population size (N e ) of each rainbow trout population using two different methods, one that assumes open populations using COLONY (Jones and Wang 2010) and one that assumes closed populations and random mating using LDNe (Waples and Do 2008).
Instead of assuming open-ended future costs, the government will give you a sum of money (starting at an amount equal to what the government now spends) and a regulated menu of insurance options from which to choose.
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