We assumed a step-wise mutation model and based estimates on fifteen short (104 MCMC steps) and five long (105 steps) chains.
As there is are no robust data available regarding the reduction in the cost of care for RP patient with improving visual acuity, on the basis of Hernández-Pastor's article we assumed a stepped reduction in cost of care (assistance from paid professionals for daily activities and social benefits received for visual disabilities for patients) according to progressive Markov states,i.e.
While for a minimum estimate, an exponential temporal decrease of the flux is assumed (left), a maximum flow rate assumes a step function (right) which would correspond to a cylinder shaped ash package, as illustrated in a.
In the first case Model S (Fig. 5 middle), we consider the mix of horizontal and upward rupture propagation, which is realized by assuming a step over (gap) between the central and northern fault segments at shallow depths.
Assuming a step function for the variation of surface coverage with off-time the model predictions can be fitted to experimental data using the critical off-time which corresponds to a change in surface coverage from zero to one as adjustable parameter.
The simulations are set up assuming a step growth mode on the ice prismatic plane.
To account for new initiatives or limitations in accessibility, the homogeneous-temporal model assumes a step change in vaccination coverage at a specific time point.
The logistic analysis estimates the exposure-outcome association (an OR) separately within time periods, i.e. assuming a step function, but does not extend to allow estimation of a smooth association over time.
Unlike its predecessors, the classic and generalized skyline plots, it returns a smooth and realistic estimate of the demographic history and thus overcomes the constraints due to assuming a step function.
The case-cohort analysis has several advantages, including that it allows estimation of time-varying associations as a continuous function of time, while the logistic regression approach is restricted to assuming a step function form for the time-varying association.
