We would hypothesise, however, that if sexual activity were the explanation for the above observations, similar outcomes would be noted for other forms of contraception and that one could even assume a protective effect.
The estimated sample size was 225 cases and 675 controls, based on a ratio of three controls per case, assuming a protective effect of 36% [ 23], with an estimated coverage of 62%, [ 20] a power of 80%, and an alpha level of 0.05.
There are pharmacological reasons to assume that a protective effect on hip fracture may become visible only after at least 6 weeks of calcium retention by thiazide treatment and reaches a maximum after ~1 year.
He also assumed a protective role during the Winnebago uprising of 1827.
For piped water, we assumed a non-linear curve with a protective effect of 90% at 100% coverage.
Based on this fact, it has to be assumed that the intact meniscus tissue has a protective effect on the surrounding cartilage, also regarding a future development of degenerative changes.
Furthermore, Tynes and Haldorsen [ 29] found a protective effect of an assumed higher intake of reindeer meat with regard to death from diseases of the circulatory system.
Thus, it is assumed that L-arginine and glycine exert a protective effect against acid-reflux esophagitis due to yet unknown mechanisms, in spite of the increase in luminal pH and probably pepsin activity, similar to L-glutamine.
In this model the impact of each allele is assumed to be the same except for the sign (i.e. alleles with a protective effect were added, and risk alleles were subtracted.
