The first approach consists of transforming the associates' character matrix into a character matrix of the hosts and then inferring a distance matrix from these characters.
Either (i) the associates' character matrix is converted to a character matrix of the hosts, the latter being used to compute host distances, or (ii) distances between the associates are computed from the associates' character matrix and the resultant distance matrix is converted to a distance matrix of the hosts.
Much of the criticism aimed at Sinister Six when the studio announced plans two years ago to make the film stemmed from the sense that Sony was trying desperately to mine every last ounce of gold from its rather limited rights to Marvel Comics' Spider-Man and associated characters.
It was with Jaws (1976) that Williams created something uniquely individual--that famous shark theme and the technique of associating characters with their own recognizable musical themes.
Six general transformation functions are introduced, covering the transformation of associate characters to discrete and continuous host characters, and the transformation of associate distances to host distances.
Quantitative analysis reveals significant changes in body proportions during decay, a spectrum of decay resistance across anatomical features, and correlated decay of topologically associated characters.
However, they may be of use to clarify if and to what extent the common ancestry of the hosts is reflected by the variability of associate characters alone.
However, CON cannot be used to assess the correspondence between associate character variability and host phylogeny (as can ENT), and because character transformations that perform better regarding phylogenetic reconstruction have been found, a biological justification for the use of the CON transformation of associate characters is not obvious.
It is used to build the derivative hierarchy, thus to select derivatives, to visualize associated character datasets of the respective samples, to add and edit sample metadata and to display the hierarchy with all its data types in the Taxonomic Editor as they may also appear in the Data Portal.
In the following, we thus derive and empirically test approaches that could be applied directly (or after minor modifications) to all kind of associate character data, be it morphological or sequence data of individuals in certain geographic areas or habitats, parasites or mutualists on certain host organisms, or genes and sequence variants present in certain individuals.
