We speculate that cancer-associated reprogramming of the DNA methylome leads to an altered Polycomb binding landscape, influencing gene expression by multiple modes.
The success of SCNT may depend upon both genomic DNA-associated reprogramming of gene expression for dedifferentiation of the donor somatic cell nuclei during early preimplantation development of cloned embryos and reprogramming of gene expression for onset of somatogenic nuclear redifferentiation during blastocyst formation [ 7, 10, 63, 64].
Moreover, this salutary effect of short-term nuclear import targeting is associated with reprogramming of the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile of immune cells isolated from NOD mice.
Generation of compound mice that carry in addition to RAF other transgenes that encode proteins modulating signaling pathways frequently altered in human NSCLC allowed us to unravel two key steps in the process of metastasis, induction of the angiogenic switch and progression to micrometastasis associated with reprogramming of intestinal selector genes [11].
It appeared equally plausible that decidualization is associated with reprogramming of various signal transduction pathways (27), which would lead to a cellular response to ROS that is qualitatively different from that observed in undifferentiated cells.
These physiological effects are associated with transcriptional reprogramming of 10% or more of the genome, involving both the enhancement and the inhibition of transcription of different genes [15], [16].
In stem cell biology, this process characterizes the transition of differentiated somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells, and is accompanied by global chromatin reorganization, which is itself associated with the reprogramming of gene expression.
In this review, we discuss aberrations in signal transduction pathways found to be associated with metabolic reprogramming of transformed pancreatic neoplasms.
The data suggest that evolutionary changes in lifespan in mammals are associated with coordinated reprogramming of expression levels at the genomewide scale rather than with changes in expression of individual genes.
Indeed, it has been shown that Bmf isoforms could be activated in response to stress that is associated with the reprogramming of the translation machinery from cap-dependent to cap-independent translation (Grespi et al, 2010).
In both mouse and zebrafish embryos, ZGA comes under direct control of key pluripotency regulators (Foygel et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2013b; Leichsenring et al., 2013) and is tightly associated with epigenetic reprogramming of parental genomes that, later in development, controls the specification of both somatic and germ cell lineages (Hackett and Surani, 2013).
