Many notable individuals have survived polio and often credit the prolonged immobility and residual paralysis associated with polio as a driving force in their lives and careers.
The stigma associated with polio was not just that one was a "cripple" but that one came from an impoverished background.
What is vaccine associated paralytic polio (VAPP)?
There are longer-term social costs associated with polio as well.
In the absence of any direct estimates, we approximate these by equating each DALY associated with polio with the appropriate average annual per capita gross national income [ 26, 27, 36, 40, 45, 46].
National immunization programs and the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) continue to manage risks associated with the polio endgame, including the risks of using oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to end all transmission of wild polioviruses (WPVs).
In 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate polio and as a result the global incidence of polio associated with wild polioviruses decreased from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1998 to 1,997 cases in 2006, and subsequently to 222 cases reported as of January 22, 2013 (symptom onset during 2012, reported in January 2013) (28, 29).
"We want every parent and everyone associated with the polio programme to do their best, too.
The global health community intends to replace OPV with inactivated polio vaccine in the endgame for polio because the attenuated virus in OPV can, in rare cases, cause vaccine-associated polio paralysis.
Effective AFP surveillance in countries which have been declared polio-free is essential to support polio eradication through the detection of imported and vaccine-associated polio cases, and AFP surveillance is required for countries to retain their polio-free status [ 16].
Limb lengthening with or without deformity correction in skeletally mature patients with old polio is associated with more complications than other types of lengthening [10].
