Using examples from three lowland, vertically accreting river valleys in East Anglia, UK, this paper assesses the robustness of their associated radiocarbon chronologies by assessing the contrasting age estimates that are obtained by dating different parts of the same organic sample (humic, humin and plant macrofossils) at a variety of stratigraphic levels.
The rooted trees of domain structures display in their branches the relative ancestries of domains, and these ancestries can be directly associated with chronologies of proteins, proteomes, molecular functions, biological networks, and evolutionary events of significance, such as the division of three superkingdoms and the emergence of aerobic metabolism and photosynthesis.
Despite some uncertainties associated with the chronology, it appears that Holocene sea-level rise initially flooded Runway Sinkhole and created a littoral environment at least by ∼3.9 ka, whereafter a detrital peat deposit accumulated in the sinkhole.
The map was designed to complement more traditional surficial geological maps that generally emphasise stratigraphical or geomorphological map units associated with the chronology of geological events such as ice advances and retreats.
This difference highlights the lack of large-landslide data, lack of chronology, problems associated with single catchment/large landslide-based calculations, and the need for regional landscape-lowering determinations over a standardized time period.
There are associated problems when master chronologies are utilised for the purpose of dating specimens.
While mean annual chronologies were not associated across stands, an opposite highly significant association was found for the mean growth trends suggesting long-term effects of water table depths on growth.
Earlywood vessels chronologies were also significantly associated with other hydrological indicators like Lake Duparquet's ice break-up date and both ice-scar frequency and height chronologies.
The majority of loci showed a statistically significant increase of DNA methylation associated with age, adjusted for diagnosis, but the chronology of these age-associated changes varied remarkably among different loci.
Information on chronology, terrace levels and morphological elements associated with former sea level of southern Kenya are reviewed.
