The authors declare competing interests, as they are employed by institutions that provided the funding for this work and/or have filed associated patents.
At the time there were about 15,000 trademarks and associated patents relating to US technology companies.
In fiscal 2010, Johns Hopkins earned $13.1 million from more than 600 licenses and their associated patents.
In fiscal 2011, Johns Hopkins earned $16.6 million from more than 963 licenses and their associated patents.
In fiscal 2009, Johns Hopkins earned $13.7 million from 600 licenses and their associated patents, up from $13 million in revenue in fiscal 2008.
With his second wife, Sonia Lee, he launched Starfish Software in 1995 and acquired rights to Borland's personal-manager software, Sidekick, and associated patents.
This resulted in a list of 660 compounds (with a unique standard InChI) with the associated patents that were found in Reaxys.
While these data sources provide cited claims and associated patents, SmartPatent's software provides a way to visually inspect the surrounding cluster of patents, to look for antecedents that might be directly infringed by a new innovation.
In fiscal 2008, the university earned $13 million from 680 licenses and their associated patents related to research discoveries and inventions made at Johns Hopkins, up from $12.8 million in revenue in fiscal 2007.
Mr. Griem, 31, is an associate in patent and trademark law at Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy, the New York law firm.
