Sentence examples for assisting loads from inspiring English sources

Under assisting loads, only the HsK-CL construct could be sped up beyond WT velocities.

In contrast to DmK-WT, which is not sped up by assisting loads, the reduction in unloaded velocity produced by NL extension could be recovered by applying larger assisting loads (∼20 pN).

Data were collected under the same conditions as Figure 3. DmK-WT velocity was not affected by assisting loads, but the velocities of all mutant constructs could be increased by larger assisting loads.

However, for the mutant constructs, we are able to detect a second force-dependent contribution that is manifested as increased velocity under assisting loads.

To determine the extent to which the NL length affects this competition, we examined the influence of 100mMM potassium phosphate on the processivity of DmK-6AA, under moderate assisting loads (+4 pN).

Interestingly, although processivity was found to depend upon the NL length, particularly under hindering-load and unloaded conditions, the distance parameters for both hindering and assisting loads were nearly independent of NL length (Table 1).

Runs under assisting load conditions for DmK-5AA and DmK-6AA were collected using an improved force clamp (Milic et al., 2014).

However, the finding that assisting load fails to appreciably increase the WT velocity suggests that the rate of rear-head release by WT kinesin must be substantially higher than the rate-limiting step(s) of the mechanochemical cycle.

We strongly favor the former possibility, because it also helps to explain the observed decrease in run length under assisting load, as well as the force dependence of exponential fits to the run length data.

(A ) Mean run lengths (mean ± SE; N = 84 210) under moderate assisting load (+4 pN), in the presence of nucleotide analogs (green), 100 mM potassium chloride (KCl; purple), or 100 mM potassium phosphate (KPi; orange).

In contrast to the factors discussed above, optical tweezers experiment demonstrated that E. coli NusA slowed the pause-free velocity of RNAP and dramatically decreased the force where the pause-free velocity is half-maximal (without NusA 18 ± 2 pN of assisting load, with NusA 1 ± 4 pN of opposing load).