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An unbiased causality study requires that the assignment of units to treatments is independent from the outcome conditional to the confounding variables.
The assignment of units to the experimental group will primarily be based on their scores on the key DISC elements (i.e., are job demands, job resources, and recovery at/after work out of balance?).
Observational studies are common in medical research because of practical or ethical barriers to random assignment of units (e.g., patients) into treatment conditions (e.g., treatment vs. comparison); consequently, observational studies likely yield results with limited validity for causal inference due to selection bias resulted from non-randomization.
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2. Assignment of unit costs for each antiretroviral drug (Table 2 ).
Drummond et al. [ 13] identified two fundamental elements for accurate micro-costing; the measurement of the quantities of resource use and assignment of unit costs or prices.
We also included doses from the 2010 WHO guidelines for drugs such as stavudine (d4T) that are no longer recommended, but still likely to be available in many pediatric treatment programs [ 7]. 2. Assignment of unit costs for each antiretroviral drug (Table 2 ).
Alternatively, we can co-multiply [CAC] by 50 nM and 1 µM−1 to effect the same conversion, but without the need for a re-assignment of units.
The assignment of lithological units (a e) follows the described geological framework and information from surface geology (see Fig. 3).
Unlike previous works, this approach configurates the plant in every period considering the assignment of parallel units of different sizes operating either in or out-of-phase.
Instead of the single state sequence design algorithms, for the sequence assignment of computational units with multi-stable conformations, a multi-stable sequence design algorithm is required.
Validity checking also occurred through the independent assignment of meaning units and categories with three transcripts by three authors and a colleague with expertise in qualitative research.
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