Migration and assignment of individuals to populations: We used the Program GENECLASS2 to assign individuals to one or more sample localities based on their allele frequencies.
(b,d) Proportional assignment of individuals to the four STRUCTURE groups.
The assignment of individuals to pre-defined sampling regions showed a clear drift of Retinta goat population, although it is also detected a certain degree of genetic flow (immigrant and admixed animals) among the sampled herds located in these regions.
Assignment of individuals to the faculty of a school shall be made by the Corporation upon the recommendation of the Dean of such school as transmitted by the President.
In a caste society, the assignment of individuals to places in the social hierarchy is fixed by birth.
The idea here is that in groups with sufficient overlapping baseline characteristics, treatment assignment of individuals is said to be "as good as random", with potential outcomes being independent of treatment status [12].
Our key assumption is that, after controlling for individual differences in parental education, country of birth and the number of books in the house, the assignment of individuals to these treatments can be considered as good as random.
There is scope for public intervention when the assignment of individuals to different ability levels is determined at least in part by parental background, especially when this background operates as a constraint that precludes choices.
Trial-based studies are regarded as the gold standard in evaluative research since the assignment of individuals into treatment is typically random, independent of covariates and potential outcomes, ensuring in this way the highest possible internal validity [1].
A randomised experiment may overcome this difficulty through the random assignment of treatment participation (Imbens and Wooldridge 2009; Rubin 1974; etc).. Our identification strategy relies on random group assignment of individuals who were recommended to be part of the programme.
In contrast, when equality of opportunity prevails, the assignment of individuals to places in the social hierarchy is determined by some form of competitive process, and all members of society are eligible to compete on equal terms.
