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For each animal i, λ i was 1 for BN-∞ or generated from Gamma(ν/2, ν/2) for BS t - ν with ν = 4, 12. Offspring were assigned to herd and gender groups by random sampling from a uniform distribution.
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Dams were randomly assigned to herds (herd size = 100 cows) and their offspring (daughters in the case of dairy cattle) were in the same herd.
The species where Salmonella was first identified determined the species assigned to the herd.
For each replicate, a new genome was simulated and 1050 base females were randomly assigned to five herds of equal size, and within each herd into seven batches of 30 females.
(6) Herd density (numeric): herd density values assigned to the survey points through intersection of the points with a distribution map of herd density generated through moving average neighbourhood analysis [ 31] from livestock census data [ 20]. (7) Herd size (numeric): herd size values assigned to the survey points through intersection of the points with a distribution map of herd sizes [ 21].
Exposure status with respect to HRLE, LNHRH, OWHRLE, and CLE, and other time-variant variables, was assigned to each case and control herd using the approach described.
Sixteen trial herds were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence, control (CON) to Optigen (OPT) or OPT to CON, in a crossover design with two 30-d periods.
Four male piglets in each of 141 litters in five herds were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: castration without local anaesthesia or analgesia (C, controls), analgesia (M, meloxicam), local anaesthesia (L, lidocaine), or both local anaesthesia and analgesia (LM).
Within each herd cows were randomly assigned to vaccine or control groups, and effects on udder health and milk production during 120 days after calving, and survival during the following lactation were evaluated.
Within each herd cows were randomly assigned to vaccine or control groups, and the outcome was evaluated using data on milk production, udder health (cow composite milk SCC, SCM, and mastitis cases with growth of S. aureus, CNS, streptococci or coliforms), and survival.
Households were assigned to one of four groups depending on their herd size per capita in the baseline survey in March 2000 and cash income per capita in the repeat survey in June 2000.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com