Like in stealth assessment, we advocate here for non-intrusive assessment during problem solving in dialogue-based ITSs.
The assessment of problem solving proficiency focuses on the abilities to solve problems for personal, work and civic purposes by setting up appropriate goals and plans, and accessing and making use of information through computers and computer networks.
Throughout the development, fine motor skills merge with visual skills, allowing the assessment of problem solving based on visual-motor skills, an essential function of intellectual development (Accardo et al. 2008; Lipkin & Schertz, 2008).
As the domain-general PISA 2012 assessment of problem solving was based on processes similar to those described in our study (OECD 2013), the CBA could add more diagnostic information for students' competences in science.
The full FAD consists of six subscales that correspond to the McMaster Family Assessment Model: problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, and behaviour control [ 25].
Currently, psychotherapies that emphasize emotion regulation, functional assessment, and problem solving appear to be the most effective for treating NSSI [ 100].
Factors contributing to program success included: (1) mentors' ability to establish trust, (2) promotion of team-based assessment and problem solving, (3) continual strengthening of nurses' clinical skills, and (4) support for use of case sheets.
Deep-learning approaches, including knowledge integration, writing summaries and self-testing (Groves 2005; McParland et al. 2004; Newble and Clarke 1986) are important to prepare students for assessment, clinical problem solving and safe patient management.
There is still much work to be done in PER to describe what authentic and complex physics problems look like, how students engage in scientific practices when solving such problems, and how students who learn to solve authentic and complex physics problems perform on more traditional assessments of problem solving.
Designed to assess the competencies of 15 year-olds in reading, mathematics and science in 65 countries with an additional, optional assessment of creative problem solving and financial literacy, (OECD 2015).
